Nationalism: Pride or Peril?

Understanding Nationalism: Pride or Peril?

Nationalism is a powerful force. At its core, it's the belief that a people who share common history, language, or culture should govern themselves and prioritize their nation's interests above external influences. It can unite people under a shared identity, foster cultural pride, and inspire movements for independence and self-determination.

Historically, nationalism has played a key role in the formation of modern nation-states. From the unification of Germany in the 19th century to the anti-colonial movements in Africa and Asia during the 20th, nationalism has often been a response to oppression or fragmentation.

But nationalism is a double-edged sword.

When rooted in mutual respect and democratic values, it promotes solidarity and civic engagement. However, when it turns exclusionary or aggressive—favoring one group at the expense of others—it can fuel xenophobia, ethnic conflict, and authoritarianism. The rise of ultranationalist ideologies in the early 20th century led to catastrophic wars and genocide.

In today’s globalized world, nationalism is on the rise again. Economic uncertainty, migration, and cultural change have triggered nationalist backlashes in many countries. Some see it as a way to reclaim identity and sovereignty; others view it as a threat to pluralism and cooperation.

So, is nationalism inherently good or bad? The answer lies in how it’s used. Inclusive, civic nationalism—where loyalty is based on shared values and citizenship—can build strong, resilient societies. Ethnic or extreme nationalism, however, often leads to division and violence.

As global citizens, we must stay alert to how nationalism shapes politics and society. It's not enough to wave a flag—we must ask: Who is included in our nation, and who is left out?